Clinical manifestations vary widely, depending on the dose and route of exposure, and may range from minor upper airway irritation to cardiovascular collapse and death within minutes. In the emergency situation, hydroxocobalamin appears to offer a greater margin of safety. Cyanide is one of the most famous poisons – from the detective novels to the mysteries of murder, a reputation has been developed due to almost immediate death. Hydroxocobalamin is recognized as an efficacious, safe, and easily administered cyanide antidote.Because of its extremely low adverse effect profile, hydroxocobalamin is ideal for out-of-hospital use in suspected cyanide intoxication. Blood agents (Cyanogens).Baud FJ, Borron SW, Mégarbane B, Trout H, Lapostolle F, Vicaut E, et al.
Clinical features include coma, … Of these, 2.5 percent were fatal [ 1 ]. Treatment with sodium nitroprusside or long-term consumption of cyanide-containing foods is a possible source.
Cyanide.Burda AM, Sigg T. Pharmacy preparedness for incidents involving weapons of mass destruction.Lynch EL, Thomas TL. Cyanide poisoning causes inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome A3, which catalyzes the final step in electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation.Treatment of cyanide poisoning consists of diverting the cyanide into the production of cyanmetHb. Typically, symptoms present almost immediately and progress rapidly from skin color changes and rapid breathing to seizures, cessation of breathing, and cardiac arrest. 814701-overview
Diseases & Conditions,2002
Some natural compounds (eg, wool, silk) produce HCN as a combustion product.Cyanide ingestion is an uncommon, but effective, means of suicide.Countless industrial sources of cyanides exist. Potential interference by hydroxocobalamin on co-oximetry hemoglobin measurements during cyanide and smoke inhalation treatments.Fortin JL, Desmettre T, Manzon C, Judic-Peureux V, Peugeot-Mortier C, Giocanti JP, et al. Cellular metabolism shifts from aerobic to anaerobic, with the consequent production of lactic acid. Sources of cyanide poisoning include hydrogen cyanide and its salts, cyanogenic plants, aliphatic nitriles, and prolonged exposure to sodium nitroprusside. Cyanide poisoning is a cause of an acute anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy that also has eventual chronic sequelae. A mass casualty incident may develop in an industrial accident in which cyanogen chloride comes in contact with water (eg, during fire-fighting). These patients may also develop red discoloration of their urine as an expected side effect that resolves without treatment.Holstege CP, Kirk MA. Procedures,encoded search term (Cyanide Toxicity) and Cyanide Toxicity,Botulinum Toxin Injections in Plastic Surgery,Pathophysiology and Etiology of Lead Toxicity,EMA Panel Recommends DPD Testing Prior to Fluorouracil Treatment,Gene-Variant Score Helps Predict Risk of Drug-Induced Liver Injury,Pesco-Mediterranean Diet, Fasting 'Ideal' to Reduce CVD,ACEP Withdraws Keynote Invitation to Deepak Chopra,Aortic Dissection: Still the Great Masquerader,The Appropriate Use of Testing for COVID-19.Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape consult.Disaster Preparedness and Aftermath Resource Center,Lung Disease and Respiratory Health Center,American Medical Student Association/Foundation,American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists,American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine,International Association for the Study of Pain,Association of Military Surgeons of the US,International Society for Mountain Medicine,American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 11/21/2005.Dang T, Nguyen C, Tran PN.
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