Sodium cyanide decomposes on contact with acids, acid salts, water, moisture, and carbon dioxide, producing highly toxic, flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. Ann Clin Biochem 36(6):755-758.Wolf H [1997].
Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Franson MAH, ed.
Simultaneous determination of cyanide and sulfide by reversed flow injection analysis. 5.
J Automated Meth Mgmt Chem 21(1):23-26.Maseda C, Matsubara K, Shiono H [1989]. Selective determination of gases by two-stage membrane-differentiated flow-injection analysis.
Electroanalysis 5(9-10):791-794.Marion P, Rouillier MC, Blet V, Pons MN [1990]. Inhalation exposure to volatile chemicals in drinking water. The vapor is flammable and potentially explosive. These patients or those who have arrhythmias may be seriously acidotic; consider giving, under medical supervision, 1 mEq/kg intravenous of sodium bicarbonate.When possible, treatment with cyanide antidotes should be given under medical supervision to unconscious victims who have known or strongly suspected cyanide poisoning. Street clothing and environmental factors influence offgassing profiles and absorption. A new spectrophotometric method for the toxicological diagnosis of cyanide poisoning. Generally a person exposed to a lethal amount of cyanide will die within 5 to 10 minutes of exposure.If circulation is still intact, antidotes will restore the patient to a reasonably functional status in a short period of time.Casualties exposed to cyanide vapor who have survived for 15 minutes can be categorized as minimal or delayed.Contamination of conventional injuries with cyanide can result in respiratory depression and reduction of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
Sensitive layer for electrochemical detection of hydrogen cyanide. Analyst 124(4):615-620.Smith PA, Sheely MV, Kluchinsky TA [2002]. The CNS and myocardium are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of cyanide.Children exposed to the same level of cyanide agents as adults will usually receive higher doses because they have greater lung surface area: body weight ratios and increased minute volume: weight ratios.Victims exposed to hydrogen cyanide require supportive care (including administration of 100 % oxygen) and rapid administration of specific antidotes. Anesthesiol 73(5):1028-1031.In the event of a poison emergency, call the poison center immediately at 1-800-222-1222. Hydrogen cyanide (AC) can decompose explosively on contact with alkaline materials. Online monitoring of cyanide concentration via a gas membrane system in extractive metallurgical processes. Avoid dermal contact with cyanide-contaminated victims or with gastric contents of victims who may have ingested cyanide-containing materials.Respiratory Protection: Positive-pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is recommended in response situations that involve exposure to potentially unsafe levels of hydrogen cyanide.Skin Protection: Chemical-protective clothing is recommended because both hydrogen cyanide vapor and liquid can be absorbed through the skin to produce systemic toxicity.PPE required; Level B-C is generally adequate depending on the ambient temperature and distance the hospital is from hot/warm zones (bring in HAZMAT if Level As are needed).Chemical casualty triage is based on walking feasibility, respiratory status, age, and additional conventional injuries. Sensitivity and specificity of atmospheric trace gas detection by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry.
Sources of such assistance should be obtained from a local HAZMAT teams, mutual aid partners, the closest metropolitan strike system (MMRS) and the U. S. Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM)-Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Center. Sodium cyanide solution in water is a strong base; it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive. Improved gas chromatography with electron-capture detection using a reaction pre-column for the determination of blood cyanide: A higher content in the left ventricle of fire victims.
CLB Chemie in Labor und Biotechnik 48(5):183-186, 191-192.Tsuge K, Kataoka M, Seto Y [2001].
In: NIOSH manual of analytical methods. Hydrogen cyanide is very volatile, producing potentially lethal concentrations at room temperature. Hydrogen cyanide is very volatile, producing potentially lethal concentrations at room temperature. Bunseki Kagaku 39(11):693-698.Bentley AE, Alder JF [1989]. Lower explosive (flammable) limit in air (LEL), 5.6%; …
By binding to mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, it prevents the utilization of oxygen in cellular metabolism. An automatic measurement of hydrogen cyanide in air by a monitoring tape method.
Talanta 48(5):997-1004.Ma HC, Liu JF, Feng JZ, Gao Y [1994]. [1985]. Wastewater derived interferences in cyanide analysis. Analyst 123(5):1151-1154.EPA [1996].
Theory and design of an automatic detection system. If the person who is poisoned cannot wake up, has a hard time breathing, or has convulsions, call 911 emergency services.For information on who to contact in an emergency, see the CDC website at.The user should verify compliance of the cards with the relevant STATE or TERRITORY legislation before use.
High concentrations of cyanide gas can cause death in minutes; however, low concentrations may produce symptoms gradually, causing challenges for the triage officer. Those exposed to liquids or … Note: For decontamination of plant and equipment within the Sodium Cyanide Manufacturing Facility refer to Sodium Cyanide Decontamination Procedure CSBP-GM-KC-000-07 Decontamination of Process J Chromatogr B: Biomed Sci Appl 490:319-327.Miralles E, Prat D, Compano R, Granados M [1998]. Department of Health & Human Services,Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response.
They may be transferred immediately to the Treatment Area. Determination of cyanide by a pervaporation-UV photodissociation-potentiometric detection approach. Ensure adequate respiration and pulse. AMYL and SODIUM NITRITE have the potential to put the fetus of a pregnant woman at serious risk.
16th ed. An impregnated filter sampling approach for determination of hydrogen cyanide in air by a kinetic-flourimetric micellar method.
If trauma is suspected, maintain cervical immobilization manually and apply a cervical collar and a backboard when feasible.
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